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The primary goal of an environmental impact statement (EIS) is to assess the potential effects of a proposed project on the environment. An EIS is a detailed document that evaluates the environmental consequences of actions that federal agencies can take, and it is mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The assessment includes a comprehensive analysis of how the proposed project may affect air and water quality, wildlife habitats, ecosystems, and other natural resources.

The EIS serves multiple purposes, such as informing decision-makers, guiding the planning process, and involving the public by providing them with critical information about the environmental implications of proposed actions. By synthesizing data and evaluating alternatives, the EIS ensures that environmental factors are considered before any project is approved or implemented. This focus on environmental assessment is essential for sustainable development and protecting natural resources. Other options, while relevant to project planning and management, do not capture the core function of an EIS.